(a) Outline the main health and safety responsibilities of employers.
(b) Identify actions an enforcement authority might take if it finds that an employer is not meeting its responsibilities.
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Part (a)
The main health and safety responsibilities of an employer are: • To provide and maintain safe plant and equipment, • To carry out risk assessments
• To introduce safe systems of work;
• To ensure the safe use, storage, handling and transport of articles and substances;
• To provide and maintain a safe workplace, including access and egress;
• To provide a safe working environment with adequate welfare facilities including first aid,
• To provide information, instruction, training and supervision for workers.
• To prepare and revise a health and safety policy;
• To cooperate with and consult with workers;
• To secure competent health and safety advice and to cooperate with other employers at the workplace.
This part of the question was generally well answered though some candidates continue to provide a list instead of the additional detail required by an „outline „question.
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Part (b),
Possible actions should be identified, such as:
• Giving advice or warning either verbally or in writing;
• Requiring that an improvement is made within a given period of time;
• Requiring the cessation of work until improvements in health and safety are made; and
• Taking formal legal proceedings such as prosecution.
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Outline the main health and safety responsibilities of:
(a) Employers;
(b) Workers.
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Part a)
The main health and safety responsibilities of an employer are:
• To provide and maintain a safe workplace including access and egress together with safe plant and equipment;
• To carry out risk assessments and to introduce safe systems of work;
• To ensure the safe use, storage, handling and transport of articles and substances;
• To provide a safe working environment with adequate welfare facilities including first aid;
• To provide information, instruction, training and supervision for workers.
• To prepare and when necessary to revise a health and safety policy;
• To co-operate with and consult with workers; to secure competent health and safety advice and
• To cooperate with other employers at the workplace.
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Part b)
Workers have the responsibility:
• To cooperate with their employer,
• To take reasonable care for their own safety and that of their fellow workers
• To report accidents and any dangerous situations at the workplace.
• Not to misuse any equipment provided for them,
• To follow site rules and
• Should not take alcohol or drugs during their working time.
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(a) Outline FOUR powers available to an inspector when investigating a workplace accident.
(b) Identify the two types of enforcement notice that may be served by an inspector, stating the conditions that must be satisfied before each type of notice is served.
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Part a)
An inspector has the right to:
1. Enter premises at any reasonable time, accompanied by a police officer, if necessary
2. Examine, investigate and require the premises to be left undisturbed
3. Take samples, photographs and, if necessary, dismantle and remove equipment or substances
4. Require the production of books or other relevant documents and information
5. seize, destroy or render harmless any substance or article
6. Issue enforcement notices and initiate prosecutions.
7. An inspector may issue a formal caution when an offence has been committed but it is deemed that the public interest does not require a prosecution. Formal cautions are not normally considered if the offender has already had a formal caution.
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Part b)
There are two types of enforcement notices.
1. Improvement notice – This identifies a specific reach of the law and specifies a date by which the situation is to be remedied.
2. Prohibition notice – This is used to halt an activity which the inspector feels could lead to a serious personal injury. The notice will identify which legal requirement is being or is likely to be contravened. The notice takes effect as soon as it is issued.
There are two forms of prohibition notice:
• An immediate prohibition notice – this stops the work activity immediately until the specified risk is reduced
• A deferred prohibition notice – this stops the work activity within a specified time limit.
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Outline the sources of published information that may be consulted when dealing with a health and safety problem at work.
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The sources of this information may be internal to the organization and/or external to it.
Internal sources, which should be available within the organization include:
• Accident and ill-health records and investigation reports
• Absentee records
• Inspection and audit reports undertaken by the organization and by external organizations such as the HSE
• Maintenance, risk assessment (including COSHH) and training records
• Documents which provide information to workers
• Any equipment examination or test reports.
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External sources, which are available outside the organization, are numerous and include:
• Health and safety legislation
• HSC/HSE publications, such as approved codes of practice, guidance documents, leaflets, journals, books and their website
• International (e.g. ILO), European and British standards
• Health and safety magazines and journals
• Information published by trade associations, employer organizations and trade unions
• Specialist technical and legal publications
• Information and data from manufacturers and suppliers
• The internet and encyclopedias.
제주도 서쪽 비양도라는 섬이 있습니다. . 비양도는 제주시 한림읍 비양리 위치해 있으며, 하늘에서 날오온 섬이라는 의미를 지니고 있습니다. 비양도는 한림항에서 약 1.1km 떨어져 있으며, 섬의 모양은 원형에 가깝고 약 2000여명의 주민이 거주하고 있습니다. 비양도의 중앙에는 해발 114m 높이의 비양봉 본석구가 있고, 서쪽 해안에는 제주도에서 가장 큰 초대형 화산탄들이 분포하고 있습니다. . 섬의 북쪽 해안에는 호니토(homito)로 알려진 굴뚝모양의 바위들이 약 20여기 분포하고 있다. 호니토는 용암이 흐르다가 습지 등의 물을 만나 수증기와 용암이 뒤섞여 분수처럼 솟구쳐 나와 쌓여 만들어졌으며, 천연기념물 제439호로 지정되어 있습니다. . 섬의 동쪽에는 펄렁못 엄습지와 마을 신당이 위치해 있습니다. 최근까지 비양도는 약 1,000년 전에 분출한 섬으로 알려져 왔으나 용암의 나이를 분석한 결과 27,000년 전에 형성된 것으로 조사되었습니다. . …