55. Working on Scaffolding We all know that fall hazards are the leading cause of construction worker deaths, accounting for about 33.5% of all fatalities in construction each year. Of the 338 construction worker fatalities attributed to falls in 2018, close to 15% were from scaffolds. OSHA estimates that about 65% of all construction workers…
54. Working on Mobile Scaffolds Mobile scaffolds are a type of supported scaffold set on wheels or casters. They are designed to be easily moved and are commonly used for things like painting and plastering, where workers must frequently change position. Mobile Scaffolds are an aluminium structure that is erected on site. It can be built to…
52. Working in Confined Spaces What are some common hazards in a confined space? Hazardous gases and vapor such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, Freon, hydrogen sulfide, welding gases, ammonia etc. Asphyxiation due to limited oxygen. Combustible dusts. Flammable liquid or gases. Explosion. Engulfment. Becoming trapped. Fall hazards. ∴ ∴ It can be any space…
51. Working in Adverse Environmental Conditions High/low temperature or temperature changes Stale/stuffy air and dry or humid air Insufficient day light and low quality general lighting Crowded workplace These findings are related to the health symtoms suffered by the occupants. Those who experience symptoms of ill-health are the least satisfied with the environmental conditions at…
50. Working at Heights Working at height remains one of the biggest causes of fatalities and major injuries. Common cases include falls from ladders and through fragile surfaces. ‘Work at height’ means work in any place where, if there were no precautions in place, a person could fall a distance liable to cause personal injury…
49. Welding Work The basic purpose of welding is to join two elements together with a firm connection. Welders typically work with metal or thermoplastic and use durable filler material to bind them together. Welding is used to create many modern constructions in our world, such as skyscrapers, cars, ships and airplanes. ∴ ∴ Hazard Category…
48. Use of Manbasket with Crane The crane basket, a crane supported man basket, also referred to as a suspended personnel platform, crane cage and construction basket, is designed, manufactured and tested to meet all regulations related to overhead lifting. ∴ ∴ Hazard Category Hazards Controls Injury and Damage 1. Lack of awaremess activities 2. Not…
47. Tower Crane Erection & Dismantling Erection/climbing/dismantling of tower cranes is a potentially hazardous process involving working at heights, awkward postures, lifting and aligning components of significant size and mass and installing temporary support systems. These are all performed under significant time pressure. Persons undertaking the work should be competent in the tasks they will…
46. Tie-in with Existing Substances Many existing pipeline networks are reaching the end of their design lives and have to be replaced or supplemented by new systems. The term ‘Tie-in’ is generally used to describe the connection of a pipeline to a facility, to other pipeline systems or the connecting together of different sections of…
45. Testing of Batteries Charger A battery is an energy source and care has to be observed in handling them. Batteries must not pose any danger to people, not even under extreme conditions. They should therefore be evaluated thoroughly before being put into use with an effective set of battery tests. The tests ensure that…
44. Steel Structure Election As far as practicable the safety of workers employed on the erection of steel and prefabricated structures should be ensured by appropriate means, such as provision and use of: (a) ladders, gangways or fixed platforms; (b) platforms, buckets, boatswain’s chairs or other appropriate means suspended from lifting appliances; (c) safety harnesses…
43. Spray Painting Spray painting is a painting technique in which a device sprays coating materials through the air onto a surface. The most common types employ compressed gas to atomize and direct the paint particles. Air gun spraying uses generally equipment. It is typically used for covering large surfaces with an even coating of…
42. Rigging General Rigging equipment for material handling shall be inspected prior to use on each shift and as necessary during its use to ensure that it is safe. Each day before being used, the sling and all fastenings and attachments shall be inspected for damage or defects by a competent person designated by the employer….
41. Removal of Floor Gratings Prior to grating removal and the start of work, a person in charge will review the procedures and protective measures required by the permit. The removal of floor gratings on elevated structures during construction works have a high potential of falling to workers and consequently, Death or undesired injuries, and the…
40. Radiography Radiographic Testing (RT) – This method of weld testing makes use of X-rays, produced by an X-ray tube, or gamma rays, produced by a radioactive isotope. The basic principle of radiographic inspection of welds is the same as that for medical radiography. X-Radiation: The radiography testing techniques shall demonstrate that the required radiography sensitivity has…
39. Pouring Concrete Installing concrete is a challenging job and every concrete pour is different. Size, shape, color, finish and complexity of a project all have to be considered when pouring concrete. Concrete construction accidents can happen in many different ways. When working on or around concrete, you need to be continually vigilant to ensure…
38. Pneumatic Testing There are two methods for pressure tests: hydrostatic and pneumatic. A hydrostatic test is performed by using water as the test medium, whereas a pneumatic test uses air, nitrogen, or any non-flammable and non- toxic gas. The fluids most commonly used for a pneumatic test are air or nitrogen. However, pneumatic testing involves the hazard…
37. Piping or Equipment Installation Please refer to the 36. Piping Installation in JSA (위험성평가). ∴ ∴ Hazard Category Hazards Controls Injury to personnel or property damage 1. Can occur that do not comply with PTW or procedures 1. Obtain correct permit to work, task supercisor to conduct TBM on daily basis and discuss all…
36. Piping Installation What safety precautions must be taken during the installation of pipe? 8 Critical Pipeline Safety Precautions to Consider Carry Out Frequent Safety Training. … Foster a Corporate Safety Culture. … Ensure Proper Pipeline Excavation Procedures. … Use Appropriate and Adequate PPE While Working Onsite. … Ensure Adequate Training for Operators of Heavy-Duty…
35. Operating Tube Profiling Machine The tube profiling machines is extremely important that everyone remembers the proper safety rules while operating the machines. This will be a rundown of the basic safety rules that should be followed while working with or around a tube profiling machine. The first general rules for tube profiling machine operation are You should never work with a tube profiling machine…
34. Operating Pneumatic Hand Tools Pneumatic tools are powered by compressed air. Common types of these air-powered hand tools that are used in industry include buffers, nailing and stapling guns, grinders, drills, jack hammers, chipping hammers, riveting guns, sanders and wrenches. Using safe pneumatic hand tools Review the manufacturer’s instruction before using a tool. Wear safety…
33. Operating Pipe Cutting Regarding cutting pipes, any piece of cutting equipment can be dangerous if not operated properly. Operators are responsible for the safe operation of this equipment. The operator must carefully read and follow any warnings, safety signs and instructions provided with or located on the equipment. Do not remove, defeat, deface or render inoperable any of the safety devices or warnings on this equipment. IF any safety devices or warnings have been removed, defeated, defaced or rendered inoperable, DO NOT USE THIS EQUIPMENT!!! ∴ ∴ Hazard Category Hazards Controls…
32. Operating Over Head Cranes An overhead crane is a piece of gear, that permits you to lift and move weighty materials starting with one area then onto the next in an exact way. Overhead cranes are a fast way to move and transport different loads in many industries. It consists in parallel runways with a travelling bridge. The…
31. Operating Mobile Plant & Machinery The operation of powered mobile plant at construction workplaces exposes workers to a range of risks to health and safety. These risks include: the plant overturning things falling on the operator of the plant the operator being ejected from the plant the plant colliding or coming into contact with…
30. Operating Mobile Cranes A crane is an item of plant intended for raising or lowering a load and moving it horizontally including the supporting struture of the crane and its foundations. There are a range of ‘fixed’ (tower, bridge, gantry, portal boom, vessel-mounted) and ‘mobile’ (slewing, non-slewing, vehile loading) cranes. ∴ ∴ Hazard Category…
29. Operating Forklift Trucks Lift trucks can be dangerous machines. If you don’t use them properly, they can kill and injure people. Follow this advice to help you and those you work with stay safe. Operating ■ carry out a pre-shift check of the lift truck; ■ wear operator restraints, where fitted; ■ look all…
28. Operating Cranes (Pedestal or Tower) A crane is an item of plant intended for raising or lowering a load and moving it horizontally including the supporting struture of the crane and its foundations. There are a range of ‘fixed’ (tower, bridge, gantry, portal boom, vessel-mounted) and ‘mobile’ (slewing, non-slewing, vehile loading) cranes. ∴ ∴…
27. Operating Bench Type Profile Cutters Ensure bench type profile cutters are securely fastened to a bench or purpose-designed stand. Ensure shearing edges are in good condition, distortion free and correctly adjusted. Ensure working parts are well lubricated and the blades free of rust and dirt. Check workspaces and walkways to ensure no slip/trip hazards are…
26. Nitrogen Testing Nitrogen (pressure) testing involves applying stored energy to an assembly of parts, in order to verify its strength, its integrity and/or its functionality. The action you need to take to comply with these regulations will depend primarily on; – the size of assembly under test – its test pressure – the test…
25. Moving Around Platform 고소작업대, 컨베이어, 자동화창고 등의 AGV (Automated Guided Vehicles) 등등 주변에 움직이는 기기 또는 장치가 있는 환경에서 작업이 이뤄지는 상황을 전제로 위험요인을 파악하고 있습니다. 입동이 지나고 2021년 첫 겨울비가 내리는 날이네요. 몸은 춥겠지만, 마음은 따뜻한 겨울이 되었으면 좋겠네요. ∴ ∴ Hazard Category Hazards Controls Hearing Damage 1. During maintenance works, etc. There…
24. Masonry and Plastering Work Description – Plaster is a thin layer of mortar applied over the masonry surface and it acts as a damp-proof coat over the brick masonry work. Plastering also provides a finished surface over the masonry that is firm and smooth hence it enhances the appearance of the building. ∴ ∴ Hazard Category…
23. Manual Handling Manual Handing – means any activity requiring the use of force exerted by a person to lift, lower, push, pull, carry or otherwise move, hold or restrain some things . It also includes any activity involving repetitive and/or movements. Manual handling causes over a third of all workplace injuries. These include work-related musculoskeletal disorders…
22. Maintenance Work on Plant plant maintenance is the application of best practices to increase equipment up time in manufacturing facilities. This helps plants avoid unplanned downtime and ensures production stays on schedule. ∴ Why is maintenance of plant and equipment important? An effective maintenance programme will make plant and equipment more reliable. Fewer breakdowns will…
21. Leak test of Pipes The leak test involves filling the pipe system with a liquid, usually water, which may be dyed to aid in visual leak detection, and pressurization of the pipe to the specified test pressure. Pressure tightness can be tested by shutting off the supply valve and observing whether there is a…
20. Insulation for piping and equipment Piping and equipment should be insluated according to the insulation class, operating temperature and insulation thickness stated in the P&ID and Data sheets. All insulation shall be covered with weather protection designed and installed to prevent ingress of water during normal operation. Types of Insulation 1) Hot Insulation –…
19. Instrument Installation The instrument installation is in designing, specifying, procuring, calibrating, installing, piping, loop checking, commissioning and maintaining instrumentation and control systems for a wide range of industrial and commercial process controls, ensuring that the plant operates safely. ∴ ∴ Hazard Category Hazards Controls Defective Equipment 1. Accidents can occur through the use of faulty…
18. Hydrotest Hydrotest is a way of checking the integrity of pressure vessels, pipelines, cylinders, boilers, storage tanks as well as fuel tanks. With the help of this test, pressure tightness, strength and any leakages are checked. Hydrotest involves a test which is performed with the help of water (which is why this test is…
17. HVAC Duct Installation & Insulation HVAC is an abbreviation for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning, and refers to the climate control systems installed in homes or commercial properties. Their task is to move heated or cooled filtered air throughout the building, to keep inhabitants of the structure comfortable. ∴ ∴ Hazard Category Hazards Controls Slips and Trips…
16. HDPE Installation High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is an extremely versatile material that is utilized for a number of engineering works. As one of the most versatile plastic materials around, HDPE plastic is used in a wide variety of applications, including plastic bottles, milk jugs, shampoo bottles, bleach bottles, cutting boards, and piping. Known for its…
15. Grit Blasting (Sand Blasting) Abrasive grit blasting (also commonly known as abrasive blasting or sandblasting) involves forcibly propelling an abrasive material against a surface under high pressure. Different variants of the blasting process involve different media, which range in their levels of abrasiveness, with some being highly abrasive while others are very mild in effect. The most abrasive methods include shot blasting (which uses metal shot) and sandblasting. ∴ ∴ Hazard Category Hazards Controls Foreign Bodies in Eyes 1. With the…
14. Grinding (그라인더 사용) Grinding is the process of removing metal by the application of abrasives which are bonded to form a rotating wheel. When the moving abrasive particles contact the workpiece, they act as tiny cutting tools, each particle cutting a tiny chip from the workpiece. ∴ ∴ Hazard Category Hazards Controls Particles in The Eye 1. Can occur through attempting to lift….
13. Grating Installation The steel grating can be installed and fixed in many ways. Typically, welding installation, fastener fixing and angle steel fixing are three methods we commonly used for steel grating installation. ∴ ∴ Hazard Category Hazards Controls Falls of Materials/ Tools 1. Can occur by hand materials and tools, etc. Being accidentally dropped through the gratings…
12. Gas Cutting The process consists of preheating the metal to be cut to its ignition (oxidation) temperature, i.e., above 870°C in case of steel. The preheating is done by oxy- acetylene gas flame, which is supplied from surrounding openings of the cutting torch. When this temperature is attained, a jet of high pressure oxygen…
11. Fire Proofing by Spraying Many building codes require fireproofing protection to structural steel as a safety precaution. The most common way to provide such protection is by spraying low-density fiber or cementitious compounds, now called spray-applied fire-resistive material (SFRM). The product can be sprayed on steel to provide heat resistance and also can be…
10. Excavation Work Being a major part of the site preparation, excavation can make or break the stability of your future building. First things first. Do not commence any excavation work before you have a clear map of underground utilities: cables, pipes, etc. Mark the services and make sure everyone in the excavation team knows…
09. Electrical Testing It is more likely that this will happen during electrical testing and fault finding, when conductors at dangerous voltages are often exposed. You can minimise this risk if testing is done while the equipment is isolated from any dangerous source of supply, although this is not always possible. Take care to prevent…
08. Electrical Installation Electrical installations consist as the connection system that has the mission to conduct and distribute the electric current, from the electric service to the last electrical installation outlet, in a edification or construction. Electrical installation describes the physical work involved in installing electrical systems into a building and a plant., etc as…
07. Coring on Existing Drainage Sump. Constructing holes in precast concrete manhole sections for pipe connections can be achieved by several methods. Each requires careful consideration before making the investment in training and equipment. Whether you are building a new plant and trying to decide which production method to use or you have an existing…
06. Cable Pulling, Installation and Banding Cable pulling works involve an individual pulling sheathed cables through walls, trays and ducts for electrical power systems. They will push, pull, and band these cables through given spaces, as well as joining them together. ∴ 케이블 풀링, 설치 공사는 혼자하기 어려운 작업입니다. 한팀을 이루어 작업을 진행하고, 풀링할 때에 구호를 넣어 구호에 맞춰 케이블을 끌어당기고 고정하기도 합니다. 케이블을…
05. Bolt Tightening and Torquing [General Information] Bolts may seem simple, but in reality the proper manufacturing of bolted joints requires careful study. Tightening the bolt puts the shank in tension, counteracted by compressive forces on the contact surfaces of the head and the nut, transferred from the parts. Inadequate preload is a common cause for bolted…
04. Backfilling Work Excavation and backfilling of soil is a very important part of construction process, and care must be taken while excavation in safety perspective. Different soil layers may be encountered while excavation, dewatering may be needed sometimes. These points must be kept in mind to take necessary action during excavation and backfilling. ∴…
03. Asphalt Works Asphalt paving works is a composite material commonly used to surface roads, parking lots, airports and other such places. It lays the asphalt flat and provides minor compaction before it is compacted by a roller. ∴ 아스팔트 공사하는 모습을 운전하시면서 종종 보셨을 거예요. 많은 건설장비가 투입되어 장비사고 위험이 높습니다. 사용 중인…
Air flushing provides an efficient method of removing debris from pipelines and newly constructed systems. ∴ In the gas process lines, the velocity should be the lowest figure between 60 m/s and the velocity obtained at 1.3 time the maximum process flow rate. The minimum velocity should be 30 m/s. In liquid process lines, a…
01. Air Blowing Test Air Blowing can be used as a safer, more environmentally friendly and cost effective alternative to conventional cleaning and steam blowing. The purpose of air blowing is to remove loose scale and debris prior to start up using compressed air as the cleaning medium. The velocity of a large air mass…
A Job Safety Analysis (JSA), also known as a Job Hazard Analysis(JHA), is to identify hazards before they occur. It is on the relationship between workers, tasks, equipment, devices and working environment. After you identify uncontrolled hazards, you should carry out four steps to eliminate or reduce it to an acceptable risk level. ∴ 1. Select…
